In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is largely due to the not enough oxygen in Nb2O5, used like a Uncooked materials initial soften (Czochralski technique) [186]. Accordingly, depending on its creation engineering, niobium pentoxide can adopt a wide range of compositions Nb2O5−x. Thus, https://omarz579aay2.wikirecognition.com/user